W-CDMA_(UMTS)
Wednesday, June 24, 2009 Publications by Jem's
While not an evolutionary upgrade on the airside, it uses the same core network as the 2G GSM networks deployed worldwide, allowing dual-mode operation along with GSM/EDGE; a feat it shares with other members of the UMTS family.
Technical features
* Radio channels are 5MHz wide.
* Chip rate of 3.84 Mcps
* Supported mode of duplex: frequency division (FDD)
* Employs coherent detection on both the uplink and downlink based on the use of pilot symbols and channels.
* Supports inter-cell asynchronous operation.
* Variable mission on a 10 ms frame basis.
* Multicode transmission.
* Adaptive power control based on SIR (Signal-to-Interference Ratio).
* Multiuser detection and smart antennas can be used to increase capacity and coverage.
* Multiple types of handoff (or handover) between different cells including soft handoff, softer handoff and hard handoff.
Development
In the late 1990s, W-CDMA was developed by NTT DoCoMo as the air interface for their 3G network FOMA. Later NTT DoCoMo submitted the specification to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as a candidate for the international 3G standard known as IMT-2000. The ITU eventually accepted W-CDMA as part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G standards, as an alternative to CDMA2000, EDGE, and the short range DECT system. Later, W-CDMA was selected as an air interface for UMTS.
As NTT DoCoMo did not wait for the finalisation of the 3G Release 99 specification, their network was initially incompatible with UMTS. However, this has been resolved by NTT DoCoMo updating their network.
Code Division Multiple Access communication networks have been developed by a number of companies over the years, but development of cell-phone networks based on CDMA (prior to W-CDMA) was dominated by Qualcomm, the first company to succeed in developing a practical and cost-effective CDMA implementation for consumer cell phones, its early IS-95 air interface standard. IS-95 evolved into the current CDMA2000 (IS-856/IS-2000) standard. Qualcomm created an experimental wideband CDMA system called CDMA2000 3x which unified the W-CDMA (3GPP) and CDMA2000 (3GPP2) network technologies into a single design for a worldwide standard air interface. Compatibility with CDMA2000 would have beneficially enabled roaming on existing networks beyond Japan, since Qualcomm CDMA2000 networks are widely deployed, especially in the Americas, with coverage in 58 countries as of 2006[update]. However, divergent requirements resulted in the W-CDMA standard being retained and deployed.
Despite incompatibilities with existing air-interface standards, the late introduction of this 3G system, and despite the high upgrade cost of deploying an all-new transmitter technology, W-CDMA has been adopted and deployed rapidly, especially in Japan, Europe and Asia, and is already deployed in over 55 countries as of 2006[update].
Rationale for W-CDMA
W-CDMA transmits on a pair of 5 MHz-wide radio channels, while CDMA2000 transmits on one or several pairs of 1.25 MHz radio channels. Though W-CDMA does use a direct sequence CDMA transmission technique like CDMA2000, W-CDMA is not simply a wideband version of CDMA2000. The W-CDMA system is a new design by NTT DoCoMo, and it differs in many aspects from CDMA2000. From an engineering point of view, W-CDMA provides a different balance of trade-offs between cost, capacity, performance, and density; it also promises to achieve a benefit of reduced cost for video phone handsets. W-CDMA may also be better suited for deployment in the very dense cities of Europe and Asia. However, hurdles remain, and cross-licencing of patents between Qualcomm and W-CDMA vendors has not eliminated possible patent issues due to the features of W-CDMA which remain covered by Qualcomm patents.
W-CDMA has been developed into a complete set of specifications, a detailed protocol that defines how a mobile phone communicates with the tower, how signals are modulated, how datagrams are structured, and system interfaces are specified allowing free competition on technology elements.
Deployment
The world's first commercial W-CDMA service, FOMA, was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in 2001.
Elsewhere, W-CDMA deployments are usually marketed under the UMTS brand. See the main UMTS article for more information.
References
- 3GPP notes that “there currently existed many different names for the same system (eg FOMA, W-CDMA, UMTS, etc) http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/op/OP_07/DOCS/pdf/OP6_13r1.pdf
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPICH
- Hsiao-Hwa Chen (2007), John Wiley and Sons, pp. pp. 105–106, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470022948
- http://www.gsmworld.com/news/press_2006/press06_44.shtml
- http://www.infoworld.com/article/07/04/05/HNqualcommonnokiapatents_1.html
External links
- http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25-series.htm
- http://www.ericsson.com/technology/tech_articles/WCDMA.shtml
- http://www.qrctech.com/freq_chart_24x36.pdf
Source: www.wikipedia.org
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